Research on brain damage by the child's separation from his or her primary biological parent.
Neonatal pain and reduced maternal care: Earlylife stressors interacting to impact brain and behavioral development by Mooney Leber SM, Brummelte S. 2016.
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The research is based on stress in infants by reducing contact with biological mother.
Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortex (HPA) axis (area of ​​the brain) in response to these stressors during this vulnerable period of brain development has been associated with many acute and long-term adverse bio-behavioral outcomes.
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You can read the scientific study here.
Trauma and Psychological Distress in Latino Citizen Children Following Parental Detention and Deportation by Rojas Flores L, Clements ML, Hwang Koo J, London J., 2016.
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The research is based on the consequences of forced separation between parents and children and the loss of biological parents, which constitute traumatic events with negative effects on children's mental health:
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and psychological disorders among 91 Hispanic children (6 to 12 years) living in mixed-status families with at least one parent at risk of disappearing from the child's life.
Similarly, it was found that differences in the children's internalization problems were associated with parental absence
At the same time, a higher externalization of children with more exposure to the absence of biological parents was found.
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The scientific research study can be read here.
In February 2020, Physicians for Human Rights issued a report unequivocally concluding that forced separation between children and their parents is categorized as torture.
"You Will Never See Your Child Again" February 2020, The Persistent Psychological Effects of Family Separation, is the headline of the comprehensive report, which can be read here and which is based on the state's intervention in family life, where the state deprives children and their parents of the right to association.
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Prior to this report, there is at least 20 years of research that attests to the serious harm inflicted on children when they are forcibly separated from their primary biological parent.
The Distress of Citizen Children with Detained and Deported Parents by Zayas LH, AguilarGaxiola S, Yoon H, Rey GN, 2015.
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The research is based on children who are at risk of losing their biological parents, thereby developing depression, anxiety and self-hatred. For those children who had already lost their biological parents, the damage was elevated.
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The research report can be read here.
A revised inventory of Adverse Childhood Experiences by David Finkelhora, ∗, Anne Shattucka, Heather Turnera, Sherry Hamby August 2015.
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The research is based on the upheaval that is for a child to lose his or her primary biological parent, which carries an increased risk of mental instability, anger and depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, and other severe trauma symptoms.
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The research report can be read in its entirety here.
Early Life Stress and Physical and Psychosocial of 2013.
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The research is based on the fact that forced removals of children from their biological mother cause stress, mental and physical permanent damage for the rest of their lives.
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The research report can be downloaded here.
Epigenomic profiling of men exposed to early-life stress reveals DNA methylation differences in association with current mental state by B. Khulan, JR Manning, DR Dunbar, JR Seckl, K Raikkonen, JG Eriksson and AJ Drake, 2014.
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The research is based on boys' children who are exposed to stress early in life, causing DNA methylation differences in connection with the mental state later in life.
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The research report can be read here.
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Adoption, mental illness and crime among 15-27 year olds.
A nationwide comparable register-based study of adoptees and stepchildren compared with non-adoptees in Denmark. The research portal from the Ministry of Justice by Laubjerg M & Petersson B. The Faculty of Health Sciences. University of Copenhagen. Center for Health and Society. Department of Public Health Sciences. Department of General Medicine. Unit for Medical Women and Gender Research. www.ifsv.ku.dk, 2010.
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The Danish study can be downloaded from the Ministry of Justice's website here.
Longterm effects of the British evacuation of children during World War 2 on their adult mental health by Rusby JS, Tasker F. 2009.
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The research is based on adults aged 62-72 years and the study of possible long-term effects on adults' mental health due to temporary childhood separation due to evacuation in the United Kingdom during World War II.
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Those who were evacuated at the age of 4-6 years, or who received poor care, were at greater risk for depression and clinical anxiety with high levels of self-hatred.
Compared with other groups, the respondents who were evacuated at the age of 13-15 and received good care had a reduced incidence of both affective disorders, comparable to those who were not evacuated. The quality of the placement also proved to be significantly associated with both disorders.
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The research study can be read here .
Childhood temporary separation: longterm effects of the British evacuation of children during World War 2 on older adults' attachment styles by Rusby JS, Tasker F. 2008.
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The research is based on adults aged 62-72 and the ability to connect with new caregivers in connection with evacuation in the United Kingdom during World War II.
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The research shows a difference between male and female respondents who were evacuated at the ages of 4 and 6 years, with the attachment state for men being 38% and 27% for women. The quality of care received during evacuation and the frequency of parental visits were also found to be significantly associated with attachment status for female respondents.
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The research study can be read here.
Environment and vulnerability to major psychiatric illness: a case control study of early parental loss in major depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia by O Agid, B Shapira, J Zislin, M Ritsner, B Hanin, H Murad, T Troudart, M Bloch, U Heresco-Levy and B Lerer, 1999.
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The research is based on identifying environmental factors that contribute to the multifactorial cause of psychiatric disorders.
Parental death or permanent separation before the age of 17 was the cause in patients with major depression (MD), bipolar disorder (BPD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) compared to individually matched, healthy controls (MD control).
The effect of loss due to permanent separation was more striking than loss due to death, just as the loss before the age of 9 compared to later childhood and adolescence.
A significantly increased frequency of EPL was observed in schizophrenia patients, especially before the age of 9 years.
Subjects reported lower incomes, more often divorced, were more likely to live alone, were more likely to smoke or have smoked cigarettes, and more physical illness was reported.
Long-term neurobiological consequences of early environmental stressors, such as maternal deprivation, have been extensively studied in many animal species. Recently, sustained changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function, including corticotrophin-releasing factor gene expression, have received particular attention. Analogous processes may be implicated in the effect of EPL on human vulnerability to psychopathology via changes in responsiveness to stress.
Genetic predisposition can affect the degree of sensitivity of the individual to the effects of early environmental exposure and can also determine the psychopathological entity to which the individual is made vulnerable as a consequence of stress.
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The research report can be read here.
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